A conservation model for sparrows with awareness programmes: Effects of increasing human population, pesticides and electromagnetic radiations

Abstract

In this paper, we have proposed and analyzed a mathematical model to conserve the endangered sparrows before it becoming close to extinct. Here, we have considered a nonlinear system consisting of five ordinary differential equations representing rates of change of sparrow’s population, human population, concentration of pesticides/insecticides, electromagnetic radiations emitted by mobile phones/mobile towers, and awareness campaigns, respectively with respect to time. System is analyzed in regard to boundedness, equilibria, stability, (both local as well as global) and persistence. Equilibrium value of each variable is ecologically interpreted with respect to awareness programmes. From our mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, we have pointed out that, if awareness campaigns are conducted regularly to aware the people about the eco-friendly importance of sparrows, so that they will minimize the indiscriminate use of pesticides/insecticides and mobile phones, then population of sparrows can be maintained at a suitable level and they will never disappear from our environment.