Mathematical Analysis of Mutualism: A Deterrence Model

Authors

  • Rajeev Srivastava Department of Electronics and Communication, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
  • Madhusudan Singh Institute of Professional Studies, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
  • Dilip Kumar Jaisawal Faculty of Mathematical \& Statistical Sciences, Institute of Natural Sciences and Humanities,\\ Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India
  • Bhawna Singh Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Govt. PG College, Bhadohi, India
  • Rakesh Chandra Mishra United College of Engineering and Research,Allahabad, AKTU India

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a model and analyze mathematically a mutualistic system, arising due to interaction of four species in which the prey mutualist deters both the competing predators in its interactions for the benefit of prey. In addition to stability analysis, we
have derived a set of algebraic conditions to test the uniform persistence of the system under considerations . Analytical results, obtained by mathematical tools, have been illustrated graphically with the help of computer simulation. The results obtained and their ecological implications have also been discussed in the form of conclusions.

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Published

2025-05-30

Issue

Vol. 32 No. 2 (2025): Nonlinear Studies (NS)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Rajeev Srivastava, Madhusudan Singh, Dilip Kumar Jaisawal, Bhawna Singh, Rakesh Chandra Mishra

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Mathematical Analysis of Mutualism: A Deterrence Model. (2025). Nonlinear Studies, 32(2), 495-510. https://nonlinearstudies.com/index.php/nonlinear/article/view/3678