Enhanced efficiency through analytical methods and component based design: IoT integrated single axis solar tracking system

Abstract

 This paper presents a comprehensive methodology to enhance solar energy harvesting efficiency through the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and a single-phase energy monitoring system. The proposed system incorporates an automated solar tracking mechanism that ensures optimal alignment of the photovoltaic panel with the sun's position to maximize energy absorption. Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) are employed to accurately measure light intensity, facilitating real-time adjustment of the solar panel via servo motors. An Arduino Uno microcontroller governs the tracking system, ensuring seamless coordination and control. In parallel, advanced sensing components—including the ADXL335 accelerometer, current sensor, and voltage sensor—are interfaced with an ESP32 microcontroller to continuously monitor the panel's orientation and power output. By analyzing the correlation between panel positioning and energy generation, the system offers valuable insights for performance optimization. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in energy efficiency compared to conventional fixed-panel configurations. This study underscores the critical role of integrated smart systems in advancing renewable energy technologies and proposes a scalable, IoT-enabled framework for optimizing solar energy utilization in real-world applications.