Nanofluid on transient natural convection in a vertical porous stratum

Abstract

The present study is focused on tracking the evolution of nanoparticle movement, heat transfer, and concentration within a fluid flowing vertically through a channel embedded in porous material. To solve this, we used a method that combines equations for the flow’s momentum, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration. By employing an implicit finite difference approach, we found solutions for these equations. Our numerical results, presented graphically, show how velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle distribution vary under different conditions. We noted that increasing the
amount of nanoparticles in the fluid leads to quicker attainment of a stable flow pattern, especially when the nanoparticles are embedded within a composite material with high stiffness and strength. This phenomenon becomes particularly noticeable when the layer responsible for heat transfer is thicker than the layer responsible for concentration distribution